Theater Architecture Acoustic Design Auditorium Interior Decoration Design
Performing arts buildings include various cinemas, theaters, theaters, audio-visual rooms, exhibition rooms, studios, recording studios and other multi-purpose hall buildings.
Acoustic design of performing arts buildings involves structure, shape design, sound quality design and sound insulation, etc. For performing arts buildings with natural sound performances, the acoustic design mainly focuses on architectural acoustics, such as concert halls for natural sound performances.
Since the 1980s, several newly designed concert halls have become more and more demanding on the acoustic environment. Even a professional concert hall hopes to present music works of different styles and types beautifully and beautifully. These cannot be achieved even with high-fidelity, high-end sound reinforcement systems. But it can be turned into reality through architectural acoustic design. Such examples abound, such as Boston Concert Hall (1900), Sydney Opera House Concert Hall (1973), Birmingham Symphony Hall (1991) and so on. Many people mistakenly believe that for some performing arts buildings that use sound reinforcement for performances (for example, most modern theaters use sound reinforcement for performances), as long as there is a high-fidelity sound reinforcement system, the performance requirements of the theater can be met. In fact, the quality of the sound reinforcement system is inseparable from the construction of the sound. Without a good sound design as a premise, no matter how good the sound reinforcement system is, it will not be able to play its role. Because the sound reinforcement system cannot eliminate various sound quality defects such as sound coloration, sound focusing, multiple echoes, and fluttering echoes.
For performing arts buildings, the concept of acoustic design should be introduced in the early stage of architectural design. And run through the whole process of architectural design and decoration design from beginning to end. Only in this way can high-quality performing arts buildings be built.
1. Overview of theater architectural acoustic design
The function of the modern theater is to comprehensively perform drama, drama, opera, song and dance, folk art, and music. At the same time to meet the multi-functional use of the theater, the architectural acoustic design requirements are particularly important. The acoustic design of theater architecture involves structure, shape design, sound quality design and sound insulation. Performing arts architecture and architectural acoustics design for natural sound performances. Acoustic design should be considered at the beginning stage of architectural design. Acoustic designers should participate in the whole process of civil engineering and decoration design. At each stage of engineering design, it should be carried out simultaneously with relevant design disciplines and cooperate closely.
2. Sound quality design of theater architectural acoustic design
The sound quality of the auditorium should ensure appropriate relative intensity, early sound field strength, clarity and fullness throughout the auditorium. No identifiable acoustic defects such as echo, multiple echo, flutter echo, sound focus and resonance shall be allowed at any position in the auditorium during the performance, and interference caused by equipment noise in the theater and external environmental noise shall not appear.
solution
1. The stage space of the protruding stage and the audience hall are combined into the same reverberation space, and the reverberation design is carried out according to the same space.
2. The space inside the stage acoustic reflector is part of the auditorium space, and the reverberation response of the auditorium with the stage reflector is designed separately.
3. Acoustic design should be done for the stage and orchestra pits.
4. Ceiling
The part of the ceiling close to the stage adopts double-layer 12-thick Eterpan board, or other equivalent acoustic reflective materials. The installation area is m2, and the shape of the suspended ceiling is progressive wave type. The specific specifications and shapes of the suspended ceiling are shown in the CAD drawings. The rest of the suspended ceiling is made of perforated sound-absorbing material + glass wool.
5. Wall
MLS diffusers are installed on both sides of the wall near the entrance of the stage. In order to avoid acoustic defects such as echo, a strip-shaped perforated sound-absorbing structure is arranged on the rear wall. Due to the need to control the reverberation time of the entire auditorium, a certain amount of acoustic materials is required, and the area of the rear wall is insufficient, so a perforated sound-absorbing structure is installed at the rear of the side wall.
6. Stage
The stage floor adopts double-layer wooden flooring. The stage and the auditorium are connected through the stage opening to form a coupling space. In order to avoid the adverse impact of the coupling space on the auditorium and meet the listening requirements of the actors, the reverberation time of the stage is similar to that of the auditorium. Therefore, fabric sound-absorbing panels are installed on the wall facing the audience, and wooden slot-hole sound-absorbing panels are installed on the walls on both sides of the stage.
7. Ground
The floor is made of reflective wooden floor.
8. Seat
In order to reduce the impact of the audience on the indoor sound quality, the surface of the seat is made of woven fabric with good sound transmission performance, the upper part and both sides of the backrest are made of non-perforated reflective surface materials, and the lower surface of the seat is made of perforated materials.
9. Other functional rooms
Broadband sound-absorbing materials are installed in the slap room, and acoustic materials such as sound absorption, reflection, and diffusion are arranged in projection rooms and boxes according to design standards.
3. Sound insulation of theater architectural acoustic design
1. The wall and roof of the auditorium should be treated with sound insulation and vibration reduction.
2. The audience hall should use the rest hall (corridor) and front hall as one of the sound insulation measures. The entrance of the auditorium should be equipped with a sound lock room and a sound insulation door.
3. When the observation window of the sound control room is closed, the sound insulation of the intermediate frequency (500-1000Hz) is ≥25 dB.
4. Doors leading to the outside should adopt soundproof doors.
5. The intermediate frequency (500-1000Hz) sound insulation of the enclosure structure of the simultaneous interpretation room is ≥45dB. The reverberation time of the sound control room and simultaneous interpretation room should be 0.3-0.5s, and the noise generated by the air-conditioning system should not exceed NR-25.
6. The noise when the stage curtain is opened and closed should not exceed NR-40 in the middle of the first row of auditoriums. The noise of lifting orchestra pits and other mechanical equipment should not exceed NR-45 in the middle of the first row of auditoriums.
7. Equipment rooms such as air-conditioning room, fan room, cooling tower, refrigerator room and boiler room should be far away from the audience hall and stage. When connected with the main building. Good noise reduction and vibration isolation measures should be taken.
8. For the ventilation or air conditioning system, noise reduction measures should be taken, and the noise introduced into the auditorium and stage surface through the air outlet should be 5 dB lower than the indoor allowable noise standard.
9. When the ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration machine rooms are adjacent to the auditorium and the stage, sound insulation measures should be taken. The sound insulation capacity should make the noise transmitted to the auditorium and stage 5 dB lower than the allowable noise standard. Vibration reduction measures should be taken for power equipment.
4. Material Requirements for Theater Architectural Acoustic Design
(1) The ceiling, wall and floor decoration materials of the auditorium (including the orchestra pit) should not be lower than A1 grade, and corresponding fire-fighting facilities should be installed when B1 grade decoration materials are used.
(2) The keel materials used for ceiling and wall decoration shall be Class A materials.
5. Five-step service process
01. Understand customer needs
The first step is to understand the customer's needs (data provided: on-site video, on-site accurate CAD drawings, the style that the customer likes)
02. Plane layout planning
The second step is the layout planning, after the modification is confirmed (charge: deposit for design scheme)
03. Scheme Design Customization
The third step is to customize the scheme design (production of renderings and simulation software), and confirm the modification (fee: final payment for design scheme & deposit for construction design scheme)
04. Construction design drawing
The fourth step is to complete the professional docking of machinery, equipment, fire protection, water and electricity, etc., and complete the drawing of construction drawings (charge: final payment for construction scheme design & construction deposit)
05. Construction site follow-up
The fifth step is to follow up on the construction site and actually modify and adjust - the construction is completed.
